Secure Computer Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Secure Computer Systems - Essay Example Through a profundity of experience and broadness of advances traversing from servers to work areas and PC PCs to cell phones, Microsoft offers the most far reaching mechanical answer for address this continuous need. By Kimberly Nelson, Microsoft official executive for e-government, and William Billings, boss security guide for the Microsoft U.S. Open Sector division. 'Ensuring actually recognizable data (PII) (http://www.microsoft.com/industry/government/bureaucratic/protectinginformation.mspx) Devastating punishments and fines on errant establishments that have had a remiss way to deal with PII information security will cause other private and open organizations to shift of putting away un-important PII information and setting up hermetically sealed security methodology for their current PII information banks. Visit changes in PII information security laws will cause private and open organizations to remain alert and they will take quantifies ahead of time, so as to diminish the expense of refreshing their safety efforts. I might want to refer to - ** A Nevada law that produced results this month which requires all organizations there to encode by and by recognizable client information, including names and Mastercard nu

Conscience free essay sample

Job of Eyes and Hands Symbols are utilized all through writing to communicate different implications and thoughts. William Shakespeare, in his play Macbeth, utilizes a few images to investigate a huge number of characteristics of human instinct. Eyes and hands are huge images that are consistently utilized all through the play. The eyes speak to the information on deeds, over a significant time span, and a person’s genuine considerations and aims, while the hand speaks to the person’s activities. Eyes and hands raise the theme of blindness, one of the basic condemnations from the witches, which is referenced by Macbeth a few times all through the play. They assume a huge job in building up the characters of Macbeth and Lady Macbeth by uncovering various attributes of human instinct, explicitly the deception, visual impairment, and still, small voice of people. Eyes and hands are utilized to show the tricky idea of people. At the point when Lady Macbeth says, â€Å"bear welcome in your eye,/Your hand, your tongue: resemble the honest bloom/But be the snake under ‘t, â€Å" (I, v, 63-65) she encourages Macbeth to act tricky by ensuring his eyes are inviting and not indicating his actual wants. In various religions and societies, eyes are viewed as the window into the spirit that show all considerations and wants and are identified with prediction. Macbeth has as of late got the witches’ prescience that expresses that he will become King. He should show bogus considerations in his eyes to guarantee that Duncan doesn't see his actual aims and the prediction prognosticated. If Duncan somehow happened to discover Macbeth’s genuine point, at that point Duncan would not remain and Macbeth would not have the option to kill the King. Woman Macbeth understands the significance of this and utilizations the image of eyes to urge Macbeth to act deceptive. The hand is utilized to speak to the activities that Macbeth performs. Woman Macbeth reveals to him that he should be inviting in his activities and not show any hints of the violations he will submit. Moreover, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth wash their hands after the homicide of Duncan. They trick the others by washing their hands to shroud the deed. Woman Macbeth says, â€Å"A little water frees us from this deed,† (II, ii, 67) which shows the purifying properties of water. Water is utilized to wash down the psyche and soul; be that as it may, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth have not had their brains and spirits purified. They have just purified themselves truly and misdirect others with their appearances. They can show that their hands and activities are clear and liberated from transgression, yet their heart is shrouded in blood. Similarly as eyes and hands are utilized to show the tricky idea of people, they likewise show human visual impairment. Eyes and hands additionally assume an enormous job in indicating human visual deficiency, both ethically and persistently. After the demise of Duncan, Macbeth, while seeing his blood-recolored hands, says, â€Å"This is a sorry sight,† (II, ii, 21) to which Lady Macbeth reacts, â€Å"A stupid idea to state a sorry sight,† (II, ii, 22) which shows Lady Macbeth’s moral visual deficiency. While Macbeth feels the blame and loathsomeness of the homicide, Lady Macbeth reveals to him that it is preposterous to feel remorseful for the homicide. Woman Macbeth sees Macbeth’s grisly hands, which speak to the loathsome homicide of Duncan, and as opposed to feeling a similar blame and loathsomeness, she feels nothing. Before the homicide of Banquo, Macbeth says: Come, seeling night, Scarf up the delicate eye of forlorn day, And with thy grisly and undetectable hand Cancel and destroy that incredible bond. (III, ii, 46-49) Macbeth calls to the blinding night to cover all sight and to not consider individuals to perceive any deeds the hand performs. Macbeth orders the night to conceal the eye of daytime so nobody will see the activities he will perform. Macbeth at that point raises the ridiculous and undetectable hand of night to overcome Banquo and Fleance. Macbeth shows his headstrong visual deficiency by needing the hand to not be seen, permitting him to be oblivious of the wrongdoing and not tolerate the blame of submitting it. Macbeth becomes inundated in the night and murkiness and calls upon it to help accomplish his own aspiring objective. Macbeth had before dithered in executing Duncan and even disclosed to Lady Macbeth, â€Å"We will continue no further in this business,† (I, vii, 31). Macbeth felt the blame after the homicide of Duncan. Presently, in any case, he turns out to be ethically visually impaired, for he doesn't feel any feeling for arranging the homicide of Banquo and Fleance. Moreover, following the assertion of the Prince of Cumberland, Macbeth says: Stars, shroud your flames! Let not light observe my dark and profound wants The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be Which the eye fears, when it is done, to see. ’ (I, iv, 52-53) This further uncovers Macbeth’s resolute visual impairment. He doesn't need the light to enlighten and uncover his dull expectations, and requires the dim night again to shroud his activities. Macbeth understands that the homicide of Duncan is an appalling idea, yet he decides to stay uninformed of it so he won't feel regretful. He accepts that on the off chance that the eye doesn't perceive what the hand does, at that point the activity has never been performed, for he hs no information on it. Macbeth fears seeing the horrendous deed since then he should acknowledge that he has done it. Macbeth wouldn't like to feel the impacts of the blame and feels that obliviousness of the deed will spare him from it. Similarly as human visual deficiency is investigated through the images of eyes and hands, so likewise are the qualities of human soul Human inner voice is investigated through both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth activities utilizing eyes and hands. While Macbeth is washing his hands after Duncan’s murder he says: What hands are here! Ha! they pluck out mine eyes. Will all extraordinary Neptune’s sea wash this blood Clean from my hand? No, this my hand will rather The innumerable oceans incarnadine, Making the green one red. (II, ii, 59-63) This exhibits Macbeth’s blame for the homicide of Duncan. He sees his wicked hands, which represent the wrongdoing he has submitted, and he feels the blame in his eyes. The information on the wrongdoing causes him to feel awkward and defeat with blame. Macbeth says that nothing will have the option to purify away the dim deeds he has submitted. They will rather be appeared to the world and his blame will never be deleted. Woman Macbeth’s mind flights show qualities of human heart. Woman Macbeth says, â€Å"Yet here’s a spot,† (V, I, 31) in her rest. She sees a spot of blood on her hand and endeavors to wash it. She plays out these activities consistently at that hour and she shows the impacts of her feeling of remorse. At the point when she washed her hands with water following the homicide of Duncan, her heart was not cleared. She endures the outcomes of the blame through mind flights and eager rest. Woman Macbeth endeavors to wash and rub her hands to free herself of the blame and the spot of blood that gives proof of homicide. A short time later, when Lady Macbeth cries, â€Å"What, will these hands ne’er be clean,† (V, I, 42) it further shows the impacts of homicide on her onscience. Macbeth keeps on slaughtering Banquo and Lady Macduff. She feels that she can never freed herself of the violations and blood being spilled. The killings proceed and she can't withstand with the blame and impacts of homicide. Her still, small voice is totally wrecked from the weight and blame of the killings. Eyes and hands are uti lized as images by both Macbeth and Lady Macbeth to investigate various attributes of human instinct, including deception, visual impairment, and still, small voice. Woman Macbeth advises Macbeth to utilize his eyes and hands to act deceptive. She asks him to demonstrate a bogus picture to shroud his actual goals. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth both participate close by washing following the homicide of Duncan. This shows their duplicity in demonstrating clean hands liberated from murder and blame, while their soul is bloodied. Eyes and hands are utilized to exhibit the ethical visual deficiency of Lady Macbeth by indicating her total absence of blame for the homicide of Duncan. Macbeth is demonstrated to be resolutely visually impaired by requiring the dark night to disguise his activities and not permit his eyes see them. He additionally will not let his eyes see what activities his hand performs. Macbeth turns out to be ethically visually impaired through his powerlessness to feel blame for the homicide of Banquo and Fleance. Human still, small voice is investigated through eyes and hands too. Macbeth sees his bleeding hands and feels the blame in his eyes, which ignite with torment at seeing the appalling wrongdoing. Woman Macbeth likewise experiences a feeling of remorse and gets mental trips of a ridiculous spot on her hand. Eyes and hands assume a significant emblematic job all through the entirety of the play Macbeth. Reference index Shakespeare, William, and Roma Gill. Macbeth. Oxford [England: Oxford UP, 1992. Print.

The Role of Meta-Analysis in Scientific Studies

The Role of Meta-Analysis in Scientific Studies Basics Print The Role of Meta-Analysis in Scientific Studies By Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD, is a clinical psychologist and associate professor of psychology at Eastern Connecticut State University. Learn about our editorial policy Kristalyn Salters-Pedneault, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 19, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on September 26, 2018 Maskot / Getty Images More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming A meta-analysis is basically a study about studies. It is used to get an integrated result. In other words, a researcher reviews previously published studies on a topic, then analyzes the various results to find general trends across the studies. It can be used in psychology, general medical practice, or detailed studies of particular diseases, conditions, and treatments. Why Is Meta-Analysis Important? With new studies from around the world  constantly being published, the amount of medical research available is overwhelming. This is true even for the most experienced practitioner. A meta-analysis  is helpful because its a review designed to summarize  information. It follows a few general principles in that a meta-analysis: is done systematicallyfollows certain criteriacontains a pool of resultsis based on a quantitative analysis The review provides important conclusions and trends that influence  future research, policy-makers decisions, and how patients receive care. The Main Objectives As you now know, a meta-analysis is a summary of integrated results analyzed for their differences. Other objectives of this type of clinical review are to: Evaluate effects in different subsets of participants.Create new hypotheses to inspire future clinical studies.Overcome the limitations of small sample sizes.Establish statistical significance. Meta-Analysis Increases Sample Size One of the reasons why meta-analyses are so useful is because of an all too common problem across many research studies: small sample sizes. Using a large sample size requires more resources, including funds and personnel, than a small sample size. When individual research projects dont study a significant number of subjects, it can be difficult to draw reliable and valid conclusions.   Meta-studies help overcome the issue of small sample sizes because they review multiple studies across the same subject area. Establishing Statistical Significance Meta-analyses can also help establish statistical significance across studies that might otherwise seem to have conflicting results. When you take many studies into consideration at once, the statistical significance established is much greater than with one study alone. This is important because statistical significance increases the validity of any observed differences. This increases the reliability of the information. Advantages Meta-analyses offer  numerous advantages over individual studies. This includes greater statistical power and more ability to extrapolate to the greater population. They are also considered to be evidence-based. Disadvantages Although a powerful research tool, meta-analysis has disadvantages. It can be a difficult and time-consuming endeavor to find all of the appropriate studies to examine. Meta-analyses also require complex statistical skills and techniques. Why Meta-Analysis Is Controversial While researchers acknowledge that  meta-analysis is an effective tool, the controversy lays in the procedure the reviewers use. Following the aforementioned principles is critical to drawing valid and reliable conclusions. Experts warn that even minor deviations from protocol can produce biased and misleading results. Additionally, once completed and peer-reviewed, some meta-analyses have been proven to be inappropriate  and unwarranted. Types of Bias A biased meta-analysis can produce misleading results. The three main types of bias are: Publication bias. The problem here is that positive studies are more likely to go to print.Search bias. The search for studies can produce unintentionally biased results. This includes using an incomplete set of keywords or varying strategies to search databases. Also, the search engine used can be a factor.Selection bias. Researchers must clearly define criteria for choosing from the long list of potential studies to be included in the meta-analysis to ensure unbiased results.

The Cinematic Language of Film - 1265 Words

The cinematic language that we know of today would not be as it is today if we had synchronous sound recording from the beginning of film. Cinematic Language is the systems, methods or conventions by which movies communicate with the viewer. A few examples of cinematic language are; montage; mise en scene, the use of long takes, depth of field shooting in order associate people or objects; Expressionism, the use of lighting techniques, severe camera angles, and elaborate props, to name a few aspects; and realism, a technique to make the action seem as true to life as possible. The list of techniques and styles of cinematic language go on, and can only be limited by the imagination. Early films, and early sound films both had something in common; they lacked many elements of the cinematic language. The reason sound films reverted back to the same pre-cinematic style of early films, was due to the fact that they had technical difficulties, that required them to fall into the style of t he old ways. I do believe that if filmmakers would have had sound from the beginning, with the same sense of movie direction they worked with, they would have used sound as a crutch rather than an enhancing element. Early movies were shot and viewed as slide shows. With narrations like The Life Of An American Fireman, where instead of cutting we would see full clips linked together. When the filmmakers brought us from one action to the next they, repeated actions instead of cutting and lettingShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Cinematic Language In A Bronx Tale1304 Words   |  6 PagesIn the film, A Bronx Tale (1993) directed by Robert De Niro, the character Calogero Anello played by Lilo Brancato, demonstrates cinematic language. The cinematic language uses various visual codes in cinematic storytelling to convey the meaning of a film. The components of cinematic storytelling are portrayed through various techniques such as, camera movement, mise-en-scene, cinematography, sound, editing, and etc. within a film’s frame to help tell the story. The main character Calogero facesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Wim Wenders Places A Digital Camera Everywhere And Creates Cinema ! ``1297 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Wim Wenders places a digital camera everywhere and creates cinema!†, I exclaimed after a retrospective of his films at FTII in Pune. A disastrous strive in one of my practices to emulate the grasp made me realize the way it takes meticulous planning and the satisfactory information of the cinematic language for two hours to look so casual and natural.One cannot simply place the camera and shoot. And this, to my thoughts, is what ails maximum of our movies today. Mise-en-Scene is the protoplasmRead MoreAnalysis Of Kill Bill Volume One, By Uma Thurman And Vivica Fox s First Encounter1025 Words   |  5 Pagesexpectations. Through a cinematic lens of non-understanding, Tarantino stands alone in his film style. From the visual to the audio, quite nearly every aspect of his films diverge from traditional values. Although this divergence may seem unique, it has in fact, come from a dense, through-the-ages, and accumulated knowledge of films. In an attempt to subvert our understanding, preconceived notions, and theatrical assumptions, Tarantino utilizes overt cinematic language within the film of Kill Bill VolumeRead MoreFrench New Wave and Poetic Realism Essay1120 Words   |  5 Pagesthe very first actualities from the Lumià ¨re brothers and the fantastical shorts of Maries Georges Jean Mà ©lià ¨s, cinema has continually fulfilled its fundamental purpose of artistic reflection on societal contexts throughout the evolution of film. Two Frenc h cinematic movements, Poetic Realism (1934-1940) and French New Wave (1950-1970), serve as historical bookends to World War II, one of the most traumatic events in world history. The Rules of the Game (Jean Renoir, 1939) is a classic example of FrenchRead MorePleasantville Film Analysis Essay765 Words   |  4 PagesThe film Pleasantville directed by Gary Ross is about two modern teenagers, David and his sister Jennifer, somehow being transported into the television, ending up in Pleasantville, a 1950s black and white sitcom. The two are trapped as Bud and Mary Sue in a radically different dimension and make some huge changes to the bland lives of the citizens of Pleasantville, with the use of the director’s cinematic techniques. Ross cleverly uses cinematic techniques such as colour, mise-en-scene, camera shotsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film Cinema Of Poetry 1706 Words   |  7 PagesGreene once said that, â€Å"Pier Paolo Pasolini was the more protean figure than anyone else in the world of film.† This means that Pasolini was a versatile film director because he simplified cinema into the simplest way possible, while still visually embodying an important message to his cinematic viewers. Because of his encounter with Italy’s social changes, it influenced the writing and films he chose to write. His aspirations regarding his written work â€Å"Cinema of Poetry† explains how a writer usageRead MoreHow Do You Know You ve Witnessed A Murder?1410 Words   |  6 Pagesvalue of a films translation of text into cinematic language. â€Å"A movie based on a literary source is often seen as a secondary work, consequently, of secondary value† (Cahir). What makes this ideology present in our society? What makes one translation considered more valuable than another? â€Å"Literature, generally, still occupies a more privileged position in the cultural hierarchy than movies do†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Cahir). It is in the translation versus ad aptation of text to cinematic language that offers film its ownRead MoreQuiz 11182 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Quiz 1 F10 - cinematic language, form, and genre   Question 1 of 18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible  5  points) Three fundamental principles of film form are: (choose three)    A. Movies manipulate space and time in unique ways B. Movies depend on light. C. Movies provide an illusion of movement.    D. Movies present things as they really are.   Answer Key: A,B,C   Feedback The incorrect answer is D.   A, B, C are correct. Question 2 of 18  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Score:  5  Ã‚  Ã‚  (of possible  5  points) The firstRead MoreAnalysis Of Francois Truffaut And Alfred Hitchcocks Film Auteur719 Words   |  3 Pagesaware with film usually has a favorite director. Why? What distinguishes one director from another? A director is â€Å"the person who determines and realizes on the screen an artistic vision of the screenplay; casts the actors and directs their performances; works closely with production design in creating the look of the film†¦and in most cases, supervises all postproduction activity, especially editing† (Barsam and Monahan 496). Clearly, the director of a film is lead visionary in how the film is madeRead MoreHamlet Film Vs Film Essay1737 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen many cinematic productions of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, some of which remain true to the text while others take greater liberties with the original format. Director Kenneth Branagh’s 1996 production of Hamlet was true to Shakespeare’s work in that the film’s dialogue was delivere d word or word as it is presented in the text. In contrast, Franco Zeffirelli conducted his 1990 production of Hamlet in a much more liberal direction in which lines, scenes and characters were omitted from the film. I argue

Classical Mythology Of The Greek And Roman Societal Views

Heroes are a common theme in both modern and ancient works, and are often referenced as people who have influenced society in some way. Disney’s Hercules incorporates Classical Mythology within a number of scenes and includes a variety of typical mythological themes, yet fails to accurately characterize Hercules and reproduce his role in the Greek and Roman societal views, while neglecting major aspects surrounding his existence in the mythological world. The modern work does make use of Classical Mythology throughout the film. Many Greek characters are shown or referenced at different points in the movie, such as the beginning and end, where the stage is Mount Olympus. For example, the celebration of Hercules’ birth, the first major event, characters such as Zeus, Hera, Hermes, Ares, Orpheus, Narcissus, Athena, Apollo, Artemis, Hephaestus, Aphrodite, Poseidon, Dionysus, and Demeter. Some of these characters are presumably shown, namely Apollo as he swoops around Mount Olympus in his sun chariot, Artemis with her magical deer, Athena with her armor and owl, Hephaestus with his lame and hunched stature, Aphrodite with her clingy clothing, Poseidon with his trident and sea-like image, Dionysus in his large and jolly appearance, and Demeter with her green, agricultural-themed outfit. Others are heard when Hermes flies into Mount Olympus, such as Orpheus, who apparently made an arrangement of flowers for Hera. These characters are also portrayed as prisoners at the mostShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology Of Ancient Greece1551 Words   |  7 Pagesdemocracy, theatre, and the Olympic games; these are just a few of the many wonders Ancient Greece had to offer. However, one of the most memorable creations of Ancient Greece would have to be Greek mythology. These myths included hundreds of stories and teachings that would have a lasting effect on Greek culture for centuries to come. When taking a deeper look into some of these myths, one may notice gender and sexual behavior to be themes that occur quite frequently. One also cannot help but noticeRead MoreAllusions In The Age Of Innocence Essay1552 Words   |  7 Pages Due to societal norms, Newland stays with May and never consummates his relationship with Ellen, despite their growing feelings towards each other. At the time of writing The Age of Innocence, Wharton was reading Sir James George Frazer’s The Golden Bough (1914), a 14 volume work on anthropology, which consisted of myths, customs, and magical practices. This collection sparked interest for Wharton, potentially inspiring her to enlist many allusions to classical Greek and Roman mythology includingRead MorePostmodernism Versace1781 Words   |  7 Pagesrefers to the possibility of people to utilize fashion industry products. This takes place just like any other consumer good that can be modified with respect to the prevalent societal codes. The modifications can be made either through surpassing or through copying them. Modern fashions are part of postmodernism. This is in the view of the fact that developments and growth in the fashion industry accompany and express development of the society through embracing postmodernism. Developments in the fashionRead MoreHistory of Theatre Lesson Notes Essay5401 Words   |  22 Pageshumans-and the tension between the roles assigned to each, world came to be seen primarily from the human point of view-as a place of conflict, change, and progress-with humanity as the principal agent both for good and evil. Eastern myth-people seek to transcend temporal limitations and achieve oneness with the mystery of being, in which all divisions-including human and divine-disappear, eastern view encourages a conception of world order in which all duties/roles/possibilities are fixed (doesn’t see realityRead MoreAlexander Pope Essay6204 Words   |  25 PagesThe Rape of the Lock Context Alexander Pope was born in London in 1688. As a Roman Catholic living during a time of Protestant consolidation in England, he was largely excluded from the university system and from political life, and suffered certain social and economic disadvantages because of his religion as well. He was self-taught to a great extent, and was an assiduous scholar from a very early age. He learned several languages on his own, and his early verses were often imitations of poetsRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 PagesIWC1 Test 1.02 Module Pre-Test Question 1: Multiple Choice The historical revival of Classical culture began during the: a) Middle Ages b) Renaissance c) Baroque Era d) Romantic Era Feedback: The correct answer is b. The historical revival of Classical culture began during the Renaissance. Question 2: Multiple Choice Which of the following was a key feature of ancient Chinese humanism? a) An emphasis on theoretical philosophy. b) A subordination of intellectual life to religiousRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagesconduct and he could not avoid these evils. Bacon was a man of multi-talents. His wisdom was undeniable. The thirst for infinite knowledge and his versatility was truly astonishing. He possessed an intellect of the highest order. He was learned in Greek, French, Latin, English, Science, Philosophy, Classics and many other fields of knowledge. He is regarded as the creator of the modern school of experimental research. He held that â€Å"man is the servant and interpreter of nature†. He supplied the impulseRead More Art, Literature And Society From 1955-1970 Essay examples5829 Words   |  24 PagesEternity was a perfect void. The beauty of this state of total nothingness was that existence was reduced to its pure and uncontrived elements. A far cry from the outwardly prosperous, but inwardly hollow and commercial suburban life. Kerouac was a Roman Catholic with a strong fascination with Buddhism and other Eastern philosophies. He melded that into a unique set of beliefs that would not have flown with any Pope, past or present. The vegetative existence he sought was based on the quot;do nothingquot;Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesand provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly

Macbeth Differences Between the Play and Movie Free Essays

The play MacBeth, by William Shakespeare, which we read and the movie, by Rupert Goold’s, which we watch has several diffrences but all put out the same message. The main diffrences in between the play and the movie is the portrayal and functions of the witches, the changes of the setting and some key scenes, and the diffrences of the functions of the main characters and also the minor characters. The portrayal and function of the witches in the original play of MacBeth and the movie have several diffrences. We will write a custom essay sample on Macbeth: Differences Between the Play and Movie or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the play the witches are discribed as ugly things with beards and are outcasts of society that wear black robes. But in the movie the witches are very creepy. They have a more modern day horror film look. The witches are no showed as witches but as nurses with masks and black framed glasses. Not only are they shown as nurses (witches) but they are kitchen staff, serving women and cleaning maids too. Also throughout the movie the witches are roaming around in the background of pretty much every scene. It gives a feeling that they are there constantly to ensure the MacBeth and his wife, Lady MacBeth, fulfill their tasks that needed to be done. There are several diffrences between the play and the movie but the main diffrence is the setting of the two. In the movie by Rupert Goold the setting of the ‘’play’’ is in the 1900’s when World War II was taking place. MacBeth and all the other characters are in a Nazi-based area. Where as in the play originally created by William Shakespeare, it is taken place in the olden days, way long ago where it is taken place in a castle with kings and such. Another great diffrence inbetween the two are the weapons used. In the riginal play the main weapons are swords and sheilds and daggers and so on, where as in Goold’s movie the weapons are semi-automatic machine guns, bombs and more new-age weapons. A major scene diffrence in the movie from the play is when the 3 murderers go out to kill Banquo and his son. Instead of Banquo and his son on a horse strolling, they are in a train cabin. In the play the three murderers are Caithness, Angus and MacBeth where as in the play thew three murderers are Caithness, Angus and Lennox instead of MacBeth. How to cite Macbeth: Differences Between the Play and Movie, Papers

The Matrix Essays (1349 words) - The Matrix, Fictional Cyborgs

The Matrix It is easy to confuse the concepts of virtual reality and a computerized model of reality (simulation). The former is a self-contained Universe, replete with its laws of physics and logic. It can bear resemblance to the real world or not. It can be consistent or not. It can interact with the real world or not. In short, it is an arbitrary environment. In contrast, a model of reality must have a direct and strong relationship to the world. It must obey the rules of physics and of logic. The absence of such a relationship renders it meaningless. A flight simulator is not much good in a world without aeroplanes or if it ignores the laws of nature. A technical analysis program is useless without a stock exchange or if its mathematically erroneous. Yet, the two concepts are often confused because they are both mediated by and reside on computers. The computer is a self-contained (though not closed) Universe. It incorporates the hardware, the data and the instructions for the manipulation of the data (software). It is, therefore, by definition, a virtual reality. It is versatile and can correlate its reality with the world outside. But it can also refrain from doing so. This is the ominous what if in artificial intelligence (AI). What if a computer were to refuse to correlate its internal (virtual) reality with the reality of its makers? What if it were to impose its own reality on us and make it the privileged one? In the visually tantalizing movie, The Matrix, a breed of AI computers takes over the world. It harvests human embryos in laboratories called fields. It then feeds them through grim looking tubes and keeps them immersed in gelatinous liquid in cocoons. This new machine species derives its energy needs from the electricity produced by the billions of human bodies thus preserved. A sophisticated, all-pervasive, computer program called The Matrix generates a world inhabited by the consciousness of the unfortunate human batteries. Ensconced in their shells, they see themselves walking, talking, working and making love. This is a tangible and olfactory phantasm masterfully created by the Matrix. Its computing power is mind boggling. It generates the minutest details and reams of data in a spectacularly successful effort to maintain the illusion. A group of human miscreants succeeds to learn the secret of the Matrix. They form an underground and live aboard a ship, loosely communicating with a halcyon city called Zion, the last bastion of resistance. In one of the scenes, Cypher, one of the rebels defects. Over a glass of (illusory) rubicund wine and (spectral) juicy steak, he poses the main dilemma of the movie. Is it better to live happily in a perfectly detailed delusion - or to survive unhappily but free of its hold? The Matrix controls the minds of all the humans in the world. It is a bridge between them, they inter-connected through it. It makes them share the same sights, smells and textures. They remember. They compete. They make decisions. The Matrix is sufficiently complex to allow for this apparent lack of determinism and ubiquity of free will. The root question is: is there any difference between making decisions and feeling certain of making them (not having made them)? If one is unaware of the existence of the Matrix, the answer is no. From the inside, as a part of the Matrix, making decisions and appearing to be making them are identical states. Only an outside observer - one who in possession of full information regarding both the Matrix and the humans - can tell the difference. Moreover, if the Matrix were a computer program of infinite complexity, no observer (finite or infinite) would have been able to say with any certainty whose a decision was - the Matrix's or the human's. And because the Matrix, for all intents and purposes, is infinite compared to the mind of any single, tube-nourished, individual - it is safe to say that the states of making a decision and appearing to be making a decision are subjectively indistinguishable. No individual within the Matrix would be able to tell the difference. His or her life would seem to him or

psych final paper

psych final paper psych final paper- schizophrenia Schizophrenia Alyssa Storey Abraham Baldwin Agricultural College Schizophrenia is one of the most widely known psychological disorders. Because it is so well-known, it is surrounded by many stereotypes. The amount of people that understand schizophrenia is much smaller than the amount that thinks they do. Schizophrenia consists of three groups of symptoms. There are three main perspectives with theories on this disorder, and two main treatments options. There were a few minor changes in the DSM-V regarding schizophrenia, and there have been a few recent experiments involving it. When discussing schizophrenia and its symptoms, one will focus on three kinds of symptoms. These symptoms are positive, negative, and psychomotor. Positive symptoms are symptoms that are added to a person’s average behavior. These symptoms are abnormal and affect the person’s daily functioning. The most frequent positive symptoms of schizophrenia are disorganize thinking and speech, inappropriate affect, delusions, and heightened perceptions and hallucination s (Comer 2014). Many people suffering from schizophrenia have difficulty conversing with the people around them, and often cannot convey what they are thinking. They are very frequently confused by their thoughts and surroundings, but their confusion does not make sense to people without this abnormality. People with schizophrenia are unable to attain rational thoughts, which causes them to communicate in ways that are hard for the people around them to understand. They will usually derail during their conversations. Instead of sticking to the subject of the conversation, they will quickly change in between random subjects that have no connection with the original conversation (Comer 2014). While the other person in the conversation becomes confused, the person suffering from schizophrenia will believe that they are making perfect sense and carrying on a typical conversation. Others may use words that they have created in their head, called neologisms. Neologisms appear to be normal words to the person with schizophrenia, but the person they are speaking to not only have no idea what they are saying, but has also never heard the word (Comer 2014). Another positive symptom of schizophrenia is delusion. Delusions vary depending on each case of schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia may develop delusions of reference, delusions of perseverance, delusions of control, delusions of grandeur, or more than one of these delusions. Each kind of delusion creates different problems for them, and affect their lives in different ways. Delusions of reference occur when a person gives random objects or people a new and unusual meaning. Delusions of perception, which are the most common type of delusion among people with schizophrenia, occur when people believe they are being watched by someone or something with no relevance is out to get them. This is the type of delusion that is most stereotypical and often portrayed in movies. A type of delusion that is somewhat similar to delusions of perception is delusions of control. When a person is convinced that their lives, including their thoughts and actions, are being controlled by another person, they are experiencing delusions of control (Comer 2014) The final form of delusions is delusions of grandeur which is when someone believes that they are a kind of person they are not, such as a savior of a specific people, a genius, or possibly a profound philosopher. While the people experiencing any of these delusions fully believes that they are true, they are actually only in this person’s head. Unfortunately, a person with schizophrenic delusions will not be able to be convinced that they are not seeing reality. Hallucinations are another positive symptom that often occur when dealing with schizophrenia. The most common type of hallucinations for people with schizophrenia are auditory hallucinations, which cause the person to hear sounds or

Slipping into Newspeak

Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak Slipping into Newspeak By Maeve Maddox One of the scariest things Ive read lately is this comment in a language forum: America is based on the tradition of divergent thinking There was a time when nuances were important; larger vocabularies were needed.   These vocabularies will soon be superfluous as we move into an age where communications are devised and sent in the most efficient manner available.  (Emphasis added.) Anyone who has read George Orwells 1984 will hear in this comment an echo of the character Symes conversation with Winston about the shrinking size of the Newspeak dictionary: Were getting the language into its final shape Were destroying words scores of them, hundreds of them, every day. Were cutting the language down to the bone. The Eleventh Edition [of the Newspeak dictionary] wont contain a single word that will become obsolete before the year 2050. Rules of grammar that contribute to precision of thought are already breaking down. Nuances that used to be observed in newspaper writing are disappearing, for example, such pairs as smell/fragrance, peal/toll, famous/notorious: Wedding Bells are Tolling Less in Milwaukee Stories about historys most famous murders at the Crime Library Such a Tiny Flower But What a Beautiful Smell The character Symes explains to Winston that paring English to the bare bones of communication is in the public interest: Dont you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten. In Orwells novel, the emasculation of the language is undertaken by the government as a means of controlling and extinguishing dissident thought. In reality, thanks to the neglect of language instruction in the public schools, over-simplified writing in the media, and the popular attitude that standard English is elitist and undemocratic, government intervention has not been necessary. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Types and Forms of Humor5 Lessons for Mixing Past and Present TenseCharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

Rehabilitation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rehabilitation - Assignment Example After the patient leaves the hospital, care continues to be provided at home. Rehabilitation care is also provided to people who do not require hospitalization and cannot be able to move to the outpatient rehabilitation facility. Rehabilitation requires the expertise of various professionals working in concert. Both multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary teams are the hallmarks of rehabilitation. The physician is considered to be the team leader assisted by other professionals. The multidisciplinary team conducts patients’ evaluation in their specific disciplines. However, the commonly used approach is the one that involves the interdisciplinary teams. Interdisciplinary members work together to solve specific problems for the patient (Peden, 2010). The team members include physiatrists, physical therapists, occupational therapists, rehabilitation nurses, psychologists and speech pathologists, in addition to social workers. Other members may include recreational therapists, vocational rehabilitation counselors, music therapists, audiologist, and kinesiotherapists. According to Peden (2010), some of the major categories of disabling conditions include disorders and injuries in pediatric, neurology, orthopedic, acute and chronic pain, medical, and sensory impairment. The World Health Organization (WHO) has various definitions that are commonly used to discuss the rehabilitation population. According to Peden (2010), WHO has established an international standard of definitions for discussing individuals with functional limitations outlined above The definitions are: Durable medical equipment that are commonly used in rehabilitation fall into five categories namely: prosthetics, orthotics, wheelchairs, ambulation aids, and high-tech devices, for example, computers. Illustrations of orthotics involves neck, spine, or back braces; prosthetics includes equipment such as artificial organs and mechanical organs;

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Data-Collection Method Comparison-Sheila - Essay Example The data is collected directly from the field that enables the research to draw accurate and reliable conclusions. Both of them are usually constructed into culture of a given society and provide information from the ancient times to the current periods and must be interpreted by the researcher for a good conclusion to be arrived at. However, artifacts are more honest than the stories. This is because; in artifacts the researcher views for her/himself and can identify the hidden meaning (Goertz, & Mahone, 2012). On the other hand, stories can sometimes be made up that suits the researchers and at times the participant may lie. This provides false data that compromises the research. Both the criteria try to seek information from a particular source to a particular problem. They are methods of inquiry into a particular study regarding a research problem. The data must be then analyzed for interpretation. Never the less, primary data uses firsthand information from the field and can be used for comprehensive analysis. They are done to acquire new solutions to a particular problem and interact with the participant directly (Tracy, 2013). However, secondary data secondary data uses already stored data to improve on the existing analysis, or for references purposes and do not meet with the participant. Both methods involve direct actions of the researcher and the responded hence obtains first hand information. This ensures actions such biasness; lies and inaccurate information’s are minimized hence ensuring an honest data. Furthermore, both the interview and observations must notify the responded of their presence, intentions and how they would involve them in the study if they are to succeed in the study (Tracy, 2013). Interviews are usually well structured that provides an easier way to collect data from the field. The questions are made simple and clear.

How does Criminology help our understanding of crime and criminals

How does Criminology help our understanding of crime and criminals Over the years many criminologists have been carried out research to find out how much Criminology has helped societys understanding of crime and criminals. Crime has been existent from the early days well before generations; however the punishments given to individuals and the way in which they are dealt with have changed over time. More greatly the definition of crime has changed and is continuing to change as new laws are constantly being brought into power . Criminology has been defined in a numerous of ways, some say criminology is the study of crime from a social and individual perspective. Looking at it from an educational approach Criminology has been defined as a social science, not only is it concerned with the causes and preventions of crime but the social impacts and reactions to it. As well as criminals themselves, others say that criminology is the study of the criminal justice and penal systems. Sutherland argued that the objective of Criminology is the development of a body of general and verified principles and of other types of knowledge regarding the process if law, crime and treatment of prevention ( T. Newburn (2007 ). Other social sciences such as sociology, psychology, law, anthropology and many others has also helped and influenced criminology which has helped to gain a deeper understanding of the subject. More importantly many criminologists have had their own personal definitions of criminology. For instance, Edwin Sutherland defined criminology as the study of composing laws, breaking laws, and societys reaction to these particular laws being broken. T. Newburn (2007). Criminology attempts to explain why certain situations or events are considered a crime in certain societies compared to others. This can be weighed down to the differences in definitions between cultures and societies. In some cases, crimes considered in some countries may be legal in others. E.g. homosexuality relationships is legally accepted in the United Kingdom compared to countries such as Uganda and many other countries in Africa and Asia where extreme punishments such as death sentences are applicable for such relationships. Crime happens on a day to day basis with different crimes ranging from petty crimes such as not paying for a train ticket to extreme crimes such as murder and rape. Criminology has helped our understanding of crime and criminals by firstly helping us define moments in criminal justice that have changed the system all together. Major events in the criminal system have helped us to reinforce what the system is all about. Events such as the Damilola Taylor, Jamie Bulger and Stephen Lawrence murder are just a few of the law changing events that have taken place in the UK within the last 20 years. Not only were these cases so extreme but they made immediate changes to the criminal justice system that has helped us to gain a deeper understanding of crime and the way in which the police have choosing to deal with this. By allowing society to have an opinion on these events and allowing them to follow the case through via the media. New laws and legislations were enforced. Aspects of crime such as stop and search also increased dramatically as police tried to hunt down more and more youths. According to the British Journal of Criminology In 1999, the Stephen Lawrence Inquiry heavily criticized ethnic disparities in stop and search (disproportionality), triggering a national reform effort to make the tactic fairer and more effective. Analyses of searches under core powers using up to 12 years of annual data from 38 police force areas in Eng land indicate that aggregate disparities showed no improvement following the reforms. (Miller. J 2010) Criminology includes the study of a number of different theories to suggest why crimes are committed. Some of the most popular are: classical, positivist, and individual trait. In addition to these major theories, there are many more other theories widely discussed and debated by criminologists. The classical theory of criminology suggests that people commit crimes when they perceive the benefits outweigh the possible costs. Under this theory, the logical way to prevent crimes is to provide harsher punishments for crimes. If the punishments are harsher, then criminals will not perceive the benefits to outweigh the possible consequences. This helps us to understand why some offenders commit the crimes that they do . The positivist theory of criminology suggests that crime is created by both internal and external factors outside of an individuals control. These may include biological factors or social factors. Social factors leading to criminal behaviour include such things as poverty and education. In some ways, opening up educational opportunities and employment opportunities could prevent crime, according to this theory. On the other hand the individual trait theory explains that criminals differ from non criminals on a number of biological and psychological traits. These traits cause crime in interaction with the social environment. The understanding of sociology has helped us to understand criminology and how it helps our understanding of criminals. The functionalists approach of sociology states that society is like biological organism which has sub systems that are interrelated. They all have individual purposes of being existent and believe that society is based on a value consensus. The functionalists approach states that the values are learned through the family by primary socialisation which is where the parents teach the children what is expected and tolerated by society. The breakdown of this process is the lack of family socialisation meaning the children then grow up to be unusual members of society and go against what is expected from everyone. This helps us to understand why some people result to crime as the sociological approach stated that they were not socialised accordingly. The sociological approach also helps us to understand why crime and criminals are existent and how vital it to have so th at society is able to function. Cohen, a sociologist stated that in order for society to function accordingly crime most be present as it helps to prevent further crime and also ensure that the society is running normally without crime it will be clearly aware that there is a problem. Criminal psychology also helps us to understand to crime and criminals as it is a branch of the field of psychology which focuses on criminals. Different approaches try to help us understand crime , especially criminals and why it is they partake in the crime that they do. The biological approach in psychology states that it is chemicals, genetics, intelligence and psychic functions that leads them to commit crime. For example , the study of genetics and individual differences was of interest to psychologists, as seen in the first empirical studies of intelligence (e.g. Spearman 1972) . The approach also states that the individual was born as a criminal. Other explanations such as the social explanation sates the persons social status is what is causing them to commit crime they may have been isolated. A psychologist Freud, also used his psychodynamic approach to try and explain criminal behaviour. He stated that all humans have natural drives and urges repressed in the unconscious. Furthermore, all humans have criminal tendencies. Through the process of socialization, however, these tendencies are curbed by the development of inner controls that are learned through childhood experience. Freud hypothesized that the most common element that contributed to criminal behaviour was faulty identification by a child with her or his parents. This could be said to be linked to how sociology helps us understand criminals .The improperly socialized child may develop a personality disturbance that causes her or him to direct antisocial impulses inward or outward. The child who directs them outward becomes a criminal, and the child that directs them inward becomes a neurotic. The Cognitive Development Theory also helps us to understand crime and criminals. According to this approach, criminal behaviour results from the way in which people organise their thoughts about morality and the law. In 1958, Lawrence Kohlberg, a developmental psychologist, formulated a theory concerning the development of moral reasoning. He claimed that there were three levels of moral reasoning, each consisting of two stages. During middle childhood, children are at the first level of moral development. At this level, the pre conventional level, moral reasoning is based on obedience and avoiding punishment. The second level, the conventional level of moral development, is reached at the end of middle childhood. The moral reasoning of individuals at this level is based on the expectations that their family and significant others have for them. Kohlberg found that the transition to the third level, the post conventional level of moral development, usually occurs during early adulthood. At this level, individuals are able to go beyond social conventions. They value the laws of the social system; however, they are open to acting as agents of change to improve the existing law and order. People who do not progress through the stages may become arrested in their moral development, and consequently become delinquents and start to commit crimes . The approaches to criminology, help us to understand crime and criminals more deeply. The Classicists Approach believe that every human has the ability to make decisions and is responsible for their individual actions. Therefore, if he or she decides to take part on behaviour that breaks the law, he or she by default is to be punished. Punishment succeeds crime is what they say. They move on to say that having penalties in the criminal justice system will help keep a control on the number of crimes, such that people due to the fear of punishment will avoid committing crimes. Classicists believe that Crime occurs when the benefits outweigh the costs. When people pursue self-interest in the absence of effective punishments. Crime is a free-willed choice. This helps us to understand criminals and the realities of crime and why they do what they do. It also equips us with practical measures to enable us to contribute and make a difference in such areas of life. It gives society the broad er picture of crime happening. Another approach to criminology is the positivists approach which tries to explain crime and criminals. According to positivists, humans react the way they do because of certain internal and external influences. These influences sometimes cause the person to lose control and take extreme decisions he or she normally would not have taken. The states that Crime is caused or determined. Lombroso placed more emphasis on biological deficiencies, whereas later scholars would emphasize psychological and sociological factors. Through the use of Victimology and victims it is possible to understand crime and criminals. The 1985 United Nations Declaration of Basic Principles of Justice for Victims of Crime and Abuse of Power Offers a definition of victims: They state that victims refers to persons who, individually or collectively have suffered hurt of any shape or form this could be from physical harm, mental injury, emotional suffering, economic loss or substantial of their fundamental rights . (Newburn T , 2007, p.342). Their second definition is that a person may be considered a victim, under this Declaration , regardless of whether the perpetrator is identified, apprehended , prosecuted or convicted.'(Newburn T. (2007). An alternative approach developed by a criminologist Nils Christie (1986) put together characteristics in which he believed idealised a typical image of victims and offenders he named a few characteristics in which he believed that victims may have these consists of being weak these c h aracteristic are generally seen in females or the very old the sick or very young. The victim is blameless for what is happening and cannot control what is happening this helps us to understand criminals and why they choose the victims that they do. Overall crime is a socially constructed behaviour. It is what others in society see as deviating from the social norm which is then labelled as crime. This is mainly because they see this behaviour as not being acceptable by society and breaks the social norm which must therefore mean what the individual is doing is illegal. From researching and trying to find explanations it is clear that there are many ways in which criminology helps to explain crime and criminals. The different approaches and theories gives specific as well as biological and sociological explanations. It helps us to give explanations of why some criminals do what they do. as we move on in the criminal justice system there will be more and more aspects that let us know why crime and criminals exist. Criminology tries to explain why there are differences and why there are some crimes are nearly universal.

Gillette Fusion Essay

Recommendation In order to increase total sales and put Gillette Fusion on track to be a $1 billion business in the next few years, Gillette Fusion should launch a new advertising campaign and reduce cartridge package prices by 20% with the introduction of a onetime coupon. Explanation The media’s reaction to the â€Å"blockbuster† advertisement campaign highlights many of the campaign’s flaws. The campaign focused on the product features rather than its benefits. Due to the ad’s product focus, Gillette failed to communicate why the additional blades and elastomer handle coating improved the quality of consumer’s shave. The proposed advertising campaign would address these flaws and focus on the customer experience. In order to educate consumers, Gillette should employ a mass media campaign similar to Pepsi’s â€Å"Pepsi Challenge.† This campaign will include blindfolded individuals testing and comparing the Gillette Fusion with several other razors, and will be hosted by a celebrity who shares similar brand qualities as the Fusion. The celebrity will be young, sleek and innovative, like Ashton Kutcher or Dwayne Wade. †¢TV Advertisement: The television advertisements will include a short introduction by the celebrity and clips of customers who have taken the challenge describing why the Gillette Fusion is superior to its competitors. It should be featured during male-focused programing, like sporting events and adult comedies. †¢Print Advertisement: The print advertisement will feature a picture of the celebrity next to the razor and several quotes from individuals who have taken the challenge. It should be featured in men’s style magazines (GQ), music magazines (Rolling Stone) and sports magazines (ESPN, Sports Illustrated). †¢Radio Advertisement: The radio advertisement will begin with an introduction by the celebrity describing why he prefers the Gillette Fusion and then transition to reviews by those who have taken the challenge ( i.e. â€Å"The Gillette Fusion is incredible because †¦ If you don’t believe me, hear what people who have taken the challenge have to say for themselves †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). It should be featured during adult talk shows (Howard Stern Show) and sports programming. In order to encourage users to purchase the product, Gillette should offer a 20% discount on cartridges with the introduction of a one time coupon. Because 64% of men look at the price of the cartridge before  purchasing the corresponding razor, introducing a 20% discount with a onetime coupon will encourage those consumers weary of the high cartridge prices to purchase the razor. Once purchasing and using the razor, it is likely that the consumer will notice a significant difference in the quality of shave, and be willing to pay a higher price for the superior product. This is supported by the fact that of the 9,000 men who tested the new razor, Fusion was preferred 2 to 1 over the competition. For the few who would usually not be willing to pay the higher price for the cartridges, they will likely continue to purchase the cartridges because of the switching costs associated with purchasing a new razor. The coupon should be displayed at points of purchase and in direct mail outs. The former can be achieved by providing collaborators with display allowance. Alternative Strategies Unlike the proposed strategy, each of the alternative strategies fails to simultaneously communicate the effectiveness of the product and encourage customers weary of the price to purchase the product. †¢Lowering the retail price of the razor – This will not encourage customers to purchase the product because (a) 64% of consumers look at the cartridge price before purchasing a razor and (b) a razor is a one-time cost to consumers, with a less elasticity of demand than cartridges. Also, without a new advertising campaign, they also will continue not to understand why the product is superior, and more expensive, than its competitors. †¢Reducing cartridge package prices by changing cartridge package size. Reducing the current four cartridge package with three cartridge packages is only effective if consumers fail to register the difference in package size because the price per cartridge will actually increase. Moreover, this strategy fails to educate consumers on why the product is superior, and more expensive, than its competitors.

The Remote Past Tense in Italian

The remote past tense (passato remoto), although typically used to talk about history or in literature, is actually a simple tense and is formed by one word. In general, as we referenced, it refers to the historical past or to events that have happened in the distant past relative to the speaker. However, there are many places in the south of Italy that still use the remote past tense as the passato prossimo. For example, someone might use the past remote tense to talk about something that happened just two weeks ago. How to Form the Past Remote Tense Follow this format to form the passato remoto of regular verbs: For -are verbs, drop the infinitive ending and add one of these personal endings to the root: -ai, -asti, -à ², -ammo, -aste, -arono.For -ere verbs, drop the infinitive ending and add these personal endings to the root: -ei, -esti, -à ©, -emmo, -este, -erono. Note that many regular -ere verbs have an alternative form in the first person singular, third person singular, and third person plural forms.For -ire verbs, drop the infinitive ending and add these personal endings to the root: -ii, -isti, -à ­, -immo, -iste, -irono. Here are a few examples of how the remote past is used in Italian: Dante si rifugià ² a Ravenna. - Dante took refuge in Ravenna.Petrarca morà ¬ nel 1374. - Petrarca died in 1374.Michelangelo nacque nel 1475. - Michelangelo was born in 1475. The table below provides examples of three regular Italian verbs (one of each class) conjugated in the remote past tense. Conjugating Italian Verbs in the Remote Past Tense PARLARE RICEVERE CAPIRE io parlai ricevei (ricevetti) capii tu parlasti ricevesti capisti lui, lei, Lei parl ricev (ricevette) cap noi parlammo ricevemmo capimmo voi parlaste riceveste capiste loro, Loro parlarono riceverono (ricevettero) capirono Irregular Verbs in the Past Remote Tense Like with most verbs in Italian, there are plenty of irregular ones in the past remote tense. Here are five common verbs. 1) Essere – To be fui   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     fummo fosti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     foste fu   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     furono — Albert Einstein fu un uomo di grande saggezza. – Albert Einstein was a man of great wisdom. — â€Å"Fatti non foste per viver come bruti†¦Ã¢â‚¬  - â€Å"Consider your origins: You were not born to live like brutes. [Dante, La Divina Commedia, canto XXVI) 2) Avere – To have ebbi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     avemmo avesti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     aveste ebbe   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     ebbero — Ebbero cosà ¬ tanta fortuna da vincere persino il primo premio della lotteria nazionale! - They had such luck that they also won the first prize of the National Lottery! — Giulia ebbe il coraggio di donare un rene a sua sorella. - Giulia had the courage to  donate a kidney to her sister. 3) Fare – To do/make feci   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  facemmo facesti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  faceste fece   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     fecero — Con pochi soldi fecero un matrimonio bellissimo. – They set up a beautiful wedding with little money. — Facemmo tutto il possibile per riportare alla luce l’affresco di Raffaello. - We did everything possible to bring to light Raffaello’s fresco. 4) Stare – To stay/to be stetti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     stemmo stesti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     steste stette   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     stettero — Mi ricordo che stetti in silenzio tutta la festa. Ero troppo timida! - I remember I spent the whole party without saying a word. I was too shy! — I feriti, dopo la scoperta della penicillina nel 1937, stettero subito meglio. - The wounded felt immediately better  after the discovery of penicillin in 1937. 5) Dire – To say dissi   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     dicemmo dicesti   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  diceste disse   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     dissero — Cimabue disse: â€Å"L’allievo ha superato il maestro.† – Cimabue said: â€Å"The pupil has surpassed the teacher.† — Romeo e Giulietta si dissero parole d’amore che sono arrivate fino ai nostri tempi! - Romeo and Juliet said words of love to each other  that have persisted until the present!

Definition and Examples of Tense Shifts in English

In English grammar, tense shift refers to the change from one verb tense to another (usually from past to present, or vice versa) within a sentence or paragraph. A writer may temporarily shift from past tense to present tense in order to enhance the vividness of a narrative account. In prescriptive grammar, writers are cautioned to avoid unnecessary  shifts in tense. Unmotivated shifts between present and past may obscure meaning and confuse readers. Examples and Observations The bridge was still open then, and I was up there one day mowing the grass alongside the road, just minding my own business, when I see something moving out of the corner of my eye. —C.J. Fisher, The Legend of Diadamia. AuthorHouse, 2005Staring rigidly up at it, Justin is listening to her joyous protestations at his right side. Dizzy from travel, laden with last-minute hand luggage, the two of them have minutes earlier arrived here from London for the first time. —John le Carrà ©, The Constant Gardener. Hodder Stoughton, 2001 Gliding From One Tense to Another It is possible to glide from one tense to another in the course of one sentence, but the key to doing it is always to be in control, to know what you are doing, what effect you are hoping to achieve.   In The Literary Review (February 2006), Francis King comments with admiration on how D.J. Taylor in his novel Kept frequently shifts gears from past tense to present to tauten a scene. And in an essay Glitches (Granta 27), John Gregory Dunne writes: Off the road there was what appeared to be a reviewing stand, and I sat there for a few moments, taking in the museum and the cold blue Sunday sky, taking stock, what to do, what to do next, Id really hate to cancel dinner tonight . . . Im breathing normally now, its OK A-OK, I wont even tell my wife, nor Tim, especially not Tim, I feel fit as a fiddle now. He wasnt though, but thats another story, told by his wife, Joan Didion, in The Year of Magical Thinking. Just notice the tense shift. —Carmel Bird, Writing The Story Of Your Life. HarperCollins, 2007 The Effect of Tense Shift in A Tale of Two Cities A Tale of Two Cities [by Charles Dickens] has a tense shift at a great moment of the story. After the trial and after Sydney Carton has taken the place of Charles Darnay in jail, the drugged Darnay and his family are fleeing in the stagecoach from Paris. Suddenly we find that the story is in the present tense. This adds vividness and excitement and here marks a peak which encodes part of the notional structure denouement of the story. —Robert E. Longacre, The Grammar of Discourse, 2nd ed. Plenum Press, 1996 Legitimate Tense Shifts Sometimes writers shift from past to present tense when telling a story to add vividness to the events.  This legitimate  tense shift is  a literary device called the historical present. It is familiar to readers of epic poetry, but people also use it when relating everyday anecdotes: I was walking down Delancey Street the other day when a guy comes up to me and asks me for the time. —(The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style. Houghton Mifflin, 2005) Usage Tips: Avoiding Needless Tense Shifts What is an example of an unmotivated shift in tense in writing? One example is starting a story in past tense and suddenly shifting into present tense:Last week I was walking along a street when this man walks up to me and says . . .We do this in speech all the time, but in formal writing its considered to be an error. —Edward L. Smith and Stephen A. Bernhardt, Writing At Work: Professional Writing Skills for People on the Job. NTC Publishing, 1997)Tense places the action of the verb in time: Today I go. Yesterday I went. Tomorrow I will go. Different verbs in a sentence or paragraph may logically use different tenses to reflect actions at different times.We will play tennis before we eat breakfast but after we have had our coffee.The tense you select to describe most of the actions in your paper is called the governing tense. Once you establish it, do not use another tense without a good reason. . . .The literary present tense is used to describe literature or art. If you use it, do so consistently. —Toby Fulwiler and Alan R. Hayakawa, The Blair Handbook. Prentice Hall, 2003It is common practice to analyze literary works in present tense. Thus, you would write, Pearl is a difficult child rather than Pearl was a difficult child in an analysis of Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter. If you are quoting a critic who has used a past tense verb in a particular sentence, you may change the tense of the critics verb by typing the tense you wish to use in square brackets. This bracketed change of tense avoids an awkward verb tense shift in your text.As a general rule of thumb, however, avoid changing the tense of verbs in the text of a literary work you are analyzing. —Linda Smoak Schwartz, The Wadsworth Guide to MLA Documentation, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, 2011